Evaluation of meibomian gland and tear film changes in patients with pterygium

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that pterygium has a close relationship with dry eye disease. This study is to determine abnormalities in meibomian gland and tear function in patients with pterygium and to assess the relationship between the variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eyes from forty patients with primary nasal pterygium and forty eyes from forty volunteers without ocular pathologies were enrolled in this study. Ocular surface disease index scores, meibomian gland expression scores, lid margin abnormality scores, meiboscore, tear film breakup time (BUT), Schirmer test (SIT) value, and the lower tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus depth (TMD), and tear meniscus area (TMA) using Fourier domain optical coherence were performed. Analysis of variance was applied for intergroup comparisons. A statistical significance level of P < 0.05 was considered. RESULTS Ocular symptom scores, BUT scores, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expression, and meiboscore were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in controls (P < 0.01 for all scores). However, the SIT scores, the lower TMH, TMD, and TMA values did not revealed a significant difference between two groups (all P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that meiboscore significantly correlated with ocular symptom scores, BUT, lid margin abnormality scores, and meibomian gland expression scores. CONCLUSIONS Meibomian gland function may be altered in pterygium patients, which is associated with uncomfortable ocular symptoms. Being aware of meibomian gland changes seems essential to understand the complex relationship among pterygium, tear film functions, and ocular surface changes.